RESUMO
Background and Objectives: Furfural [F] and hydroxymethyl furfural [HMF] are cyclic aldehydes, which are formed during the heat processing of foods. These chemical contaminants have received much attention due to their suspected health hazards and heat damage indicators. The aim of the present study was extraction and determination of F and HMF in baby-foods using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction [DLLME] coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]
Materials and Methods: Several effective parameters including the type and volume of extracting and disperser solvents, pH and salt amount were studied and optimized to find the best way of detecting and analyzing F and HMF. The optimized method was applied to determine F and HMF in 33 samples of babyfoods [powdered, soups, fruit puree and juices]
Results: According to the results of this study, the optimal experimental conditions were: 4.5 for pH, 60 micro L for 1-octanol, 600 micro L for ethanol and 2 g of salt [NaCl]. The limit of detection [LOD] was 1.3 micro g kg[-1] for F and 2.1 micro g kg[-1] for HMF. F and HMF were found in all samples at levels ranging from 110 to 27510 micro g kg[-1] and from 200 to 25750 micro g kg[-1], respectively
Conclusions: The proposed method can be considered as an effective, fast and reliable method for investigating F and HMF in baby-foods
RESUMO
Objective: receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand [RANKL] appears to be an osteoclast-activating factor, bearing an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. Some studies demonstrated that U-266 myeloma cell line and primary myeloma cells expressed RANK and RANKL. It had been reported that the expression of myeloid and monocytoid markers was increased by co-culturing myeloma cells with hematopoietic stem cells [HSCs]. This study also attempted to show the molecular mechanism of RANK and RANKL on differentiation capability of human cord blood HSC to osteoclast, as well as expression of calcitonin receptor [CTR] on cord blood HSC surface
Materials and Methods: in this experimental study, CD133[+] hematopoietic stem cells were isolated from umbilical cord blood and cultured in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor [M-CSF] and RANKL. Osteoclast differentiation was characterized by using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP] staining, giemsa staining, immunophenotyping, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] assay for specific genes
Results: hematopoietic stem cells expressed RANK before and after differentiation into osteoclast. Compared to control group, flow cytometric results showed an increased expression of RANK after differentiation. Expression of CTR mRNA showed TRAP reaction was positive in some differentiated cells, including osteoclast cells
Conclusion: presence of RANKL and M-CSF in bone marrow could induce HSCs differentiation into osteoclast